Opens the way for librarians, faculty, and other institutional partners to:
transformative–causes the learner to experience a shift in perspective;
integrative–brings together separate concepts (often identified as learning objectives or competencies) into a unified whole;
irreversible–once grasped, cannot be un-grasped;
troublesome–often counter-intuitive, the place where students stumble or get stuck;
bounded–may help define the boundaries of a particular discipline, are perhaps unique to the discipline.3 [